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Un article de Jordi Serra-Cobo, deth Departament de Biologica Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals dera Facultat de Biologia dera Universitat de Barcelona.
Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO).
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This is the first twentieth-century study of the women troubadours who flourished in Southern France between 1150 and 1250 — the great period of troubadour poetry. The book is comprised of a full-length essay on women in the Middle Ages, twenty-three poems by the women troubadours themselves in the original Provencal with translations on facing pages, a capsule biography of each poet, notes, and reading list.
This book offers a general introduction to the world of the troubadours. Its sixteen chapters, newly commissioned from leading scholars in Britain, the United States, France, Italy and Spain, trace the development of troubadour song (including music), engage with the main trends in troubadour scholarship, and examine the reception of troubadour poetry in manuscripts and in Northern French romance. A series of appendices offer an invaluable guide to more than fifty troubadours, to technical vocabulary, to research tools and to surviving manuscripts.
Montaillou: un petit village de montagnards et de bergers en haute Auriège, à 1 300 mètres d’altitude. En 1320, Jacques Fournier, évêque de Pamiers, plus tard pape d’Avignon, y déploie ses talents d’inquisiteur. Il finit par déterrer tous les secrets du village.
Rien n’échappe à cet évêque fureteur, ni les vies intimes, ni les drames de l’existence quotidienne.
En s’appuyant sur cet extraordinaire document de Jacques Fournier, sorte de roman vrai du petit peuple du XIV siècle, Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie ressuscite, en utilisant les méthodes historiques et ethnographiques les plus actuelles, la réalité occitane et cathare d’il y a six cent cinquante ans.
The chansonnier Paris, Bibliotheque nationale, f. fr. 22543 (known as “R”) has been recognized for over 200 years as a precious repository of the literature of the medieval troubadours of southern France. It transmits almost 950 lyric poems and 160 melodies, along with many other important writings in the Occitan language, many of which are unica.
The paleography, decoration, and dialect of the manuscript are described thoroughly, and their distinctive features are seen to support the hypothesis that R was compiled in northern Languedoc or western Provence around 1300. While most of the texts of R were copied by one scribe, the relatively few melodies it contains were probably notated by at least four different copyists. Over eighty percent of the poems were never supplied with their melodies, even though musical staves were provided; these staves were left empty. The notation is in the style of the so-called Notre Dame school of Paris, and the rhythms of the notes are not apparent, although a few seem to be in rudimentary mensural notation.
The manuscript contains some works of the troubadours of the early twelfth century, and also a large number of works by late thirteenth-century poets. By examining internal paleographical data and making comparisons with other extant codices, it is possible to offer suggestions on the nature of the exemplars of this heterogeneous collection. The problems of determining how the texts and melodies were transmitted are investigated, including the issues of oral transmission, the lack of extant autographs, the disparity in the origins of the surviving manuscripts, and the variant attributions. The musical transmission is especially problematic, since only three other sources containing music survive. The forty-five concordances that R shares with these other codices are discussed.
A review of the modern history of the manuscript shows that the earliest known owner was the Marquise d’Urfe of the early eighteenth century. The commonly accepted belief that R was in the library of her ancestor the poet Honore d’Urfe in the seventeenth century is found to be unsupported by the available evidence.
An edition and translation of some 30 poems by the trobairditz, a remarkable group of women poets from the 12th and 13th centuries, who composed in the style and language of the troubadours.
An Introduction to Old Occitan is the only textbook in print for learning the language used by the troubadours in southern France during the Middle Ages. Each of the thirty-two chapters discusses a subject in the study of the language (e.g., stressed vowels, subjunctive mood) and includes an exercise based on a reading of an Occitan text that has been edited afresh for this volume. An essential glossary analyzes every occurrence of every word in the readings and gives cognates in other Romance languages as well as the source of each word in Latin or other languages. The book also contains a list of prefixes, infixes, and suffixes and a dictionary of proper names. An accompanying compact disc includes discussion of the pronunciation of the language, with illustrations from the texts in the book, and musical performances by Elizabeth Aubrey, of the University of Iowa.
De A autant d’argent que de pesolhs à Virar coma un baciu fagord, ce sont plus de 1000 expressions et dictons occitans, enracinés au plus profond de notre quotidien, qui sont réunis et expliqués dans cet ouvrage. A leur source, l’observation et l’imagination pour les unes : Aimable coma una mosca d’ase ; Aver d’argent coma un chin de nièras ; Aver un cuol coma un amolaire ; Cargat coma un muol; Curios coma un pet ; Dormir coma una missara. la musicalité et la rime qui facilitent la mémorisation pour les autres : Al mes d’abriu, Io cocut canta, mort o viu ; Auba roja, vent o ploja ; Cada topin troba sa cabucèla ; Es lo matin que la jornada se pèrd o se ganha ; Grèc, pluèja al bec ; La raça raceja. Tous ont été choisis par l’auteur à partir d’enquêtes et de lectures personnelles.
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